What does it mean when a firearm operates from an open or closed bolt? This article explains how open-bolt and closed-bolt systems work, their advantages and disadvantages, and why most modern submachine guns and pistol-caliber carbines (PCCs) are designed to fire from a closed bolt.

The 9mm Luger, also known as the 9×19mm Parabellum, has been one of the world’s most widely used handgun cartridges for more than a century. Since its introduction at the turn of the 20th century, it has seen service through two world wars, become the NATO standard, and earned a lasting place among military personnel, law enforcement officers, and civilian shooters alike. How did the legendary “Luger” come to be, and what made it the most popular handgun cartridge in the world?

Firearm suppressors are no longer limited to military and law enforcement use. Today, they are increasingly popular among sport shooters and hunters thanks to their ability to reduce noise, improve shooting comfort, and enhance overall firearm control. How do suppressors work, what are their advantages and drawbacks, how are they mounted, and what legal requirements apply in the Czech Republic? This practical guide will help you navigate one of the most discussed firearm accessories.