Polyurethane (PUR)

Polyurethane (PUR) is a synthetic polymeric material formed through the chemical reaction of polyols with isocyanates. It is not a single specific compound, but rather an entire class of polymers with varying compositions and properties. For this reason, polyurethane does not have one universal chemical formula.

Thanks to its structural variability, polyurethane can exhibit significantly different characteristics—it may be soft or rigid, flexible or firm, lightweight or highly durable. This adaptability is what enables its broad application across numerous industries.

In the construction sector, polyurethane is primarily used as thermal and acoustic insulation, most commonly in the form of rigid PUR foam. In the furniture and automotive industries, flexible polyurethane foams are widely used in the production of mattresses, seats, and cushioning components. Polyurethane is also employed in the manufacture of flooring materials, seals, adhesives, coatings, and protective finishes.

In the textile industry, polyurethane is applied in waterproof and breathable coatings for technical fabrics, as well as in elastic fibers. A typical example is elastane (spandex), known for its high elasticity, durability, and wearing comfort. Polyurethane also plays a significant role in the footwear industry, where it is used in midsoles and outsoles due to its low weight, resilience, and long service life.

When fully cured, polyurethane is generally considered safe under normal conditions of use. Potential risks are primarily associated with the manufacturing process or improper handling of raw materials. Modern technologies therefore focus on safer and more environmentally responsible production methods, as well as on recycling and energy recovery options for polyurethane-based materials.